Duke of Normandy (1027-1035) who named as his heir his illegitimate son William, the future William the Conqueror. |
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2022 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved.
King of Scotland (1306-1329) who defied Edward I of England by having himself crowned and won Scottish independence from England in a battle at Bannockburn (1314). |
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition copyright ©2022 by HarperCollins Publishers. All rights reserved.