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!Kung (kng)
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n.
1. A member of a San people of eastern Namibia and western Botswana.
2. The language of the !Kung.

Usage Note: The orthographically unusual word !Kung is the name of a people who have traditionally lived as hunter-gatherers in the Kalahari. The language of the !Kung, like many other indigenous languages of southern Africa such as Khoekhoe, Xhosa, and Zulu, employs a series of consonants called clicks that are only rarely found outside of this area of Africa. In English, clicks are found only in a few interjections, such as tsk-tsk, which is technically a repeated alveolar click in which the front end of the tongue is pressed up against the alveolar ridge behind the teeth. The exclamation point in !Kung symbolizes a similar click, but with the front part of the blade of the tongue against the palate close to the alveolar ridge. It is thus called a postalveolar click. In the Xhosa language, which belongs to the Bantu group of languages, the letters xh represent another kind of click made further back in the mouth, on one side or both of the tongue, and accompanied by a puff of air. This sound (similar to that used by a rider when urging a horse to move on) is called an aspirated lateral click.

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Indo-European & Semitic Roots Appendices

    Thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices:

    Indo-European Roots

    Semitic Roots

    The Indo-European appendix covers nearly half of the Indo-European roots that have left their mark on English words. A more complete treatment of Indo-European roots and the English words derived from them is available in our Dictionary of Indo-European Roots.