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ma·nip·u·la·tion

(mə-nĭp′yə-lāshən)

a. The act or practice of manipulating.

b. The state of being manipulated.

2. Shrewd or devious management, especially for one's own advantage.

[French, from Spanish manipulación, manipulation (originally of implements and substances in alchemical procedures), from Latin manipulus, sheaf, handful; see MANIPLE.]

Indo-European & Semitic Roots Appendices

Thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices:

Indo-European Roots

Semitic Roots

The Indo-European appendix covers nearly half of the Indo-European roots that have left their mark on English words. A more complete treatment of Indo-European roots and the English words derived from them is available in our Dictionary of Indo-European Roots.

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