| n. pl.   cog·no·mens or   cog·nom·i·na (-nŏmə-nə)  1.  a.  A family name; a surname. b.  The third and usually last name of a citizen of ancient Rome, as Caesar in Gaius Julius Caesar. 2.  A name, especially a descriptive nickname or epithet acquired through usage over a period of time. [Latin cognōmen : co-, con-, co- (influenced by cognōscere, to know) + nōmen, name; see  n-men- in the Appendix of Indo-European roots.] cog·nomi·nal (-nŏmə-nəl) adj. | 
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