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first down

n.
Football

1. The first in the series of four downs in which an offensive team must advance ten yards to retain possession of the ball.

2. A gain of ten or more yards entitling the offensive team to a new series of downs.

Indo-European & Semitic Roots Appendices

Thousands of entries in the dictionary include etymologies that trace their origins back to reconstructed proto-languages. You can obtain more information about these forms in our online appendices:

Indo-European Roots

Semitic Roots

The Indo-European appendix covers nearly half of the Indo-European roots that have left their mark on English words. A more complete treatment of Indo-European roots and the English words derived from them is available in our Dictionary of Indo-European Roots.

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